For women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), one day, they can feel like themselves. The next, it feels like an outside force has taken control of their body. The cognitive changes cause one to believe they have always felt this way, and that’s how they will remain.
From suicidal ideation to severe depression and anxiety to crying for a week straight for no apparent reason, PMDD can stop life in its tracks. Some women also experience symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Others experience the inability to carry out tasks at work or perform in school. The weight of PMDD can be overwhelming and debilitating.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is common among teens and women. PMS includes cramps, fatigue, hunger, irritability, and changes in mood or behavior. However, PMDD is its own disorder with much more exacerbated symptoms.
What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
A study conducted by Harvard University found that 5-8% of women who menstruate suffer from PMDD. While that number might seem small, it accounts for close to 2.6 million women in the U.S.
PMDD is a severe and chronic medical condition that requires medical treatment. In addition, lifestyle changes and sometimes medications can help control symptoms.
John Hopkins Medical points to hormonal changes that result in lowered serotonin levels as a possible contributor to PMDD. While the exact use of PMDD isn’t known, underlying disorders, health issues, and genetic conditions can cause PMDD symptoms to worsen.
Some of those factors include the following:
- Family history of PMS or PMDD
- History of depression, post-partum depression, and other mood disorders
- Cigarette smoking
- Decreased access to proper medical care
- Unhealthy eating habits
- Substance use disorders
The symptoms of PMDD usually begin in the late phase of the menstrual cycle, which is about 1-2 weeks ahead of time. The symptoms begin to subside shortly after the period starts.
Symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorders
- Emotional symptoms:
- Severe mood swings
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Hopelessness
- Sensitivity to failure
- Loss of interest in activities
- Physical symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Bloating
- Breast tenderness
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Changes in appetite
- Tense food cravings
- Muscle pain and aches
Understanding the Facts of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
PMDD is more severe and less common than PMS. Even though some of the symptoms are the same, the severity is disproportionate.
Medications such as oral contraceptives and calcium supplements may be used to ease the symptoms of PMDD. Some women may require more intensive treatment options.
Even though research has yet to uncover the specific cause of PMDD, hormone changes, neurotransmitter interruptions, and individual body makeup contribute to PMDD.
If women suspect they might have PMDD, they are encouraged to track and document symptoms over several months. This information will help medical professionals make an informed diagnosis.
While some medications can help treat PMDD, psychotherapy is beneficial as well. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help women cope with and lessen the symptoms.
Importance of Impulse Control Disorder Treatment
If you or someone you know suffers from PMDD, treatment options can help women manage the symptoms. Two weeks or more each month is far too long to suffer crippling symptoms. Individuals need medical support from professionals who understand their specific concerns.
From there, the treatment team can develop individualized goals. Working collaboratively with each individual and medical professional, they can develop a plan beyond a standard model and create a personable and actionable set of guidelines instead.
Resources for Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
The following resources provide information on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and lifestyle change suggestions. Many also include tips for managing PMDD. Women can also access menstruation trackers and learn more about hormonal changes and the impact on the body.
- International Association for Premenstrual Disorders
- National Association for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (NAPMDD)
- Women’s Health
Importance of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Treatment
Treatment is the first step in controlling the symptoms if you or someone you know might be suffering from PMDD. Individuals can find recovery with medical support from professionals who understand their concerns and preexisting conditions.
For some women, managing the symptoms alone isn’t possible. That’s why seeking support from a treatment team who can develop a course of action is vital. Working collaboratively with each individual, treatment facilities can develop a plan beyond a standard model and create a personable and actionable set of guidelines instead.
Through proper medication, therapy, and support, individuals with PMDD can manage their symptoms and reduce the hold it has on their lives.
Inpatient Program
Inpatient or residential treatment is a level of care provided in a medically supervised facility for individuals with severe or acute PMDD. Clients live at the facility 24/7 for the duration of their program. They receive intensive yet structured and comprehensive health care during this time. The underlying causes of the PMDD are addressed, and coping skills are gained.
Intensive Outpatient Program
A supportive home environment can make all the difference when managing chronic disorders. Well-appointed treatment facilities understand the importance of family in people’s lives. Because of that, many offer an intensive outpatient program (IOP).
This program suits individuals who do not need around-the-clock care. This option is typically designed for individuals moving out of PHP. Most IOPs meet 3-4 days weekly for 3-5 hours, giving women time to return to their daily obligations.
Partial Hospitalization Program
A partial hospitalization program (PHP) can also benefit women struggling with PMDD. The program is ideal for patients needing more than outpatient care without 24/7 inpatient treatment.
PHPs help individuals by providing a safe and structured environment with access to medical supervision, including psychotherapy and one-on-one and group therapy with individuals with the same disorder.
Women in this program can access care during the day and return home in the evenings to continue their routines. They can practice positive lifestyle changes and build social connections in a supportive community.
Next Steps for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Treatment
Even though living with PMDD can be challenging, learning coping skills to manage the symptoms can be life-changing. Take the first step by visiting Find Recovery Now. You will find treatment centers, support groups, and resources to help you begin the journey to recovery and an overall healthy lifestyle.